Abstract
The effects of salinity on the polyisoprenoid alcohol content and composition of the salt-secreting mangrove species Avicennia marina and Sonneratia alba and the non–salt-secreting species Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia obovata were studied. The seedlings of mangroves were grown for 5 months under 0% and 3% salt concentrations. The occurrence, content, and distribution of four mangrove seedlings were analyzed by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. The structural groups of the polyprenols and dolichols in the leaves and roots were classified into two types (I and II). In type I, dolichols predominated over polyprenols (more than 90%), whereas in type II, the occurrence of both polyprenols and dolichols was observed. Polyprenols were not detected in the leaves of A. marina and B. gymnorrhiza under 0% salt (control), but were detected in small amounts in K. obovata leaves; however, significant amounts were found in the 3% salinity group. This finding in A. marina, B. gymnorrhiza, and K. obovata leaves implies a change to the structural group: under 0% salt concentrations, the groups are classified as type I, but become type II under 3% salt concentrations. The occurrence of ficaprenol (C50–55) was found only in the leaves of the non–salt-secreting species B. gymnorrhiza and K. obovata under 3% salinity and not in the salt-secreting species A. marina or S. alba. It is noteworthy that the polyisoprenoid type in the roots of the four species showed no change under salinity; the two salt-secreting species A. marina and S. alba contained type I under 0% and 3% salt concentrations. On the other hand, type II polyisoprenoids were identified in the non–salt-secreting species B. gymnorrhiza and K. obovata under 0% and 3% salinity conditions. This finding suggested that polyisoprenoids play a protective role against salinity in the mangrove leaves of both salt-secreting and non–salt-secreting species.
Highlights
Mangrove plants are distributed in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical regions and are defined physiologically by their ability to grow under various levels of salinity, ranging from freshwater to hypersaline environments (Tomlinson 1986)
Our previous studies have demonstrated that levels of triterpenoids and triterpenoid synthase gene expression in salt-secreting and nonesalt-secreting mangrove roots and leaves increase with increasing levels of salt (Basyuni et al 2009, 2011, 2012a). This salt-dependent change in triterpenoid content is reversible on transfer to fresh water (Basyuni et al 2012b). Aside from these metabolic shifts to overcome environmental stresses, the present study aimed to describe the effects of salinity on the polyisoprenoid alcohol content and composition of the salt-secreting mangroves A. marina and S. alba in comparison with that of the nonesalt-secreting species B. gymnorrhiza and K. obovata
The present study describes the polyisoprenoid concentrations in four seedlings of mangrove species in response to salt stress
Summary
Mangrove plants are distributed in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical regions and are defined physiologically by their ability to grow under various levels of salinity, ranging from freshwater to hypersaline environments (Tomlinson 1986). Nonesalt-secretors, exemplified by Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia obovata (Rhizophoraceae), do not have such morphological features for the excretion of excess salt Salt accumulators, such as A. marina, B. gymnorrhiza, and S. alba, can cope with high salt concentrations in their cells (Basyuni et al 2012a). This salt-dependent change in triterpenoid content is reversible on transfer to fresh water (Basyuni et al 2012b) Aside from these metabolic shifts to overcome environmental stresses, the present study aimed to describe the effects of salinity on the polyisoprenoid alcohol content and composition of the salt-secreting mangroves A. marina and S. alba in comparison with that of the nonesalt-secreting species B. gymnorrhiza and K. obovata
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