Abstract
Saline environments, such as marine and hypersaline habitats, are widely distributed around the world. They include sea waters, saline lakes, solar salterns, or hypersaline soils. The bacteria that live in these habitats produce and develop unique bioactive molecules and physiological pathways to cope with the stress conditions generated by these environments. They have been described to produce compounds with properties that differ from those found in non-saline habitats. In the last decades, the ability to disrupt quorum-sensing (QS) intercellular communication systems has been identified in many marine organisms, including bacteria. The two main mechanisms of QS interference, i.e., quorum sensing inhibition (QSI) and quorum quenching (QQ), appear to be a more frequent phenomenon in marine aquatic environments than in soils. However, data concerning bacteria from hypersaline habitats is scarce. Salt-tolerant QSI compounds and QQ enzymes may be of interest to interfere with QS-regulated bacterial functions, including virulence, in sectors such as aquaculture or agriculture where salinity is a serious environmental issue. This review provides a global overview of the main works related to QS interruption in saline environments as well as the derived biotechnological applications.
Highlights
Many bacterial species have developed sophisticated cell concentration-dependent gene expression mechanisms
N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) produced by numerous Proteobacteria; oligopeptides produced by Firmicutes, and furanosylborate diester (AI-2) produced by both Proteobacteria and Firmicutes
quorum quenching (QQ) microorganisms identified mostly via targeted approaches. These later were on the of organisms to degrade AHL signals in culture followed by the identification of the enzymatic activity [70,91,103,104,105,106]
Summary
Many bacterial species have developed sophisticated cell concentration-dependent gene expression mechanisms. These are collectively called quorum sensing (QS), a term that was first introduced by Fuqua et al in 1994 [1]. N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) produced by numerous Proteobacteria; oligopeptides produced by Firmicutes, and furanosylborate diester (AI-2) produced by both Proteobacteria and Firmicutes (reviews: [2,3,4,10,11,12]) Other signals, such as 3-hydroxypalmitate (3OH-PAME; [13]), diketopiperazines (DKP; [14]), quinolones (PQS; [15]), diffusible signal factors (DSF; [16]), or resorcinol derivatives [17]. In plant and animal pathogens, some of the above QS-regulated functions are determinants of the bacterial virulence or virulence-associated traits
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