Abstract
An important activity in urban three-dimensional (3D) mobile navigation is browsing the buildings in the environment and matching them to those in the 3D city map. There are different factors affecting the recognition process such as changes in the appearances of buildings, weather, and illumination conditions. The current aim was to study the salience of different types of visual cues in the recognition of buildings in 3D maps in suboptimal conditions. A pilot laboratory experiment was conducted, in which test participants recognized buildings in a 3D city map using systematically prepared photographs as stimuli, and their cognitive processes were studied using the think aloud protocol. The results suggested that buildings in a 3D city map can be recognized based on a variety of different visual cues ranging from small details such as textual signs to the shape of the building and landmark features such as towers. The results also suggested that buildings are recognized relatively much based on their location and other buildings and objects in their surroundings.
Highlights
Mobile navigation systems have existed for a while and they are commonly used in personal and professional navigation
Much of the existing research on mobile 3D maps has concentrated on technological aspects such as methods for rendering 3D environments or interaction aspects such as controlling the viewpoint in 3D mobile maps [2, 3]
It is known that landmarks are important in mobile navigation [e.g. 5], and Bessa et al [6] found that buildings act as important cues in the recognition of urban scenery, but they did not study different visual cues in buildings more closely
Summary
Mobile navigation systems have existed for a while and they are commonly used in personal and professional navigation. Mobile 3D maps and navigators such as Google Earth and Navitime [1] have enabled their users to view 3D city maps either remotely or while navigating to a destination Photorealistic systems such as Google Street View are becoming increasingly popular. Together with these recent developments in location-aware computing and 3D mobile graphics, 3D mobile maps have become an important research area, and the volume of related research has increased. Given the limited computational resources of mobile devices, identification of the relevant visual cues in a scene could be utilized to create a more resource aware rendering system, if not providing even more efficient navigation. We especially concentrated on studying the recognition of 3D buildings
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