Salidroside alleviated hypoxia-induced liver injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis via IRE1α/JNK pathway

Abstract

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent apoptosis played vital role in liver injury and dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of salidroside on hypoxia induced liver injury both in vivo and in vitro. Male SD rats were exposed to hypobaric chamber to simulate high altitude hypoxia model. High altitude hypoxia led to significant liver injury and apoptosis, increased the expression levels of p-JNK, BAX and ER stress markers. Salidroside treatment significantly inhibited hypoxia induced ER stress by decreasing the protein expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (p-IRE1α). In addition, salidroside treatment also restrained the ER stress-mediated apoptotic pathway, as indicated by decreased pro-apoptotic proteins p-JNK, TRAF2, BAX, and cleaved caspase 9 and caspase 12, as well as upregulation of Bcl-2. Furthermore, in vitro study found that blocking IRE1α pathway using specific inhibitor STF-083010 subsequently reversed the protective effect of salidroside on liver apoptosis. Taken together, our findings revealed that salidroside exerts protective effects against hypoxia induced liver injury through inhibiting ER stress mediated apoptosis via IRE1α/JNK pathway.