Abstract
Salicylic acid enhances the flowering process in the plant by creating new proteins under salinity stress. The study was to determine the role of salicylic acid (500 ppm) and potassium nitrate (1500 ppm), on flowering of date palm ‘Sayer’ offshoots under salinity effect. Application of salicylic acid increased the number of clusters, the number of new leaves, the content of carbohydrates, ascorbic acid, indoleacetic acid, zeatin, gibberellin, and abscisic acid significantly under salinity compared with control. Although the measured parameters were the highest in plants treated with salicylic acid, there was no distinction among potassium nitrate treatment under saltwater, and salicylic acid treatment with saltwater. Salicylic acid and potassium nitrate treatment demonstrated some amazing contrasts in protein patterns in light of gel electrophoresis. Plants treated with salicylic acid with fresh water and with saltwater showed five and six protein bands, respectively, that differed in the molecular mass of one polypeptide compared to control with freshwater. However, there was a difference in the molecular mass of two polypeptides compared to control with salt water, which showed six bands. In contrast, potassium nitrate application showed five protein bands, whether with freshwater or with saltwater. The findings could facilitate to elucidate the flowering mechanisms in date palm.
Highlights
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is usually exposed to abiotic stresses in an arid and semi-arid region
Whereas the content of ABA increased under salt stress only, and no significant effect of treatment was observed under normal conditions
The highest flowering rate was observed through salicylic acid (SA) treatment in salinity conditions followed by KNO3 under the same conditions, whereas the lowest clusters number was found in control irrigated with fresh water, compared with saltwater (Fig. 1 A)
Summary
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is usually exposed to abiotic stresses in an arid and semi-arid region. The production of fruits is restricted in the extreme conditions. The production of date palm fruits relies upon the number of clusters and the success of the pollination process. Flowering in date palm is delayed when presented to unforgiving natural conditions. The transformation of the axillary buds to floral buds in the date palm relies upon a high sugar level and a low nitrogen C/N ratio. For this situation, the role of the ecological conditions includes a substantial impact on the regulation of this quantitative relation, the impact of salinity, whether the salinity of the soil or water system conditions (Shareef, 2016). We have observed earlier that foliar application of salicylic acid on offshoots induced flowering in date palm under salt stress, especially at the early stage (Shareef et al, 2017)
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