Salellite observations for global modelling

Abstract

Since 1969 passive infrared and microwave radiometers have been used to provide vertical temperature and moisture profiles for Numerical Weather Prediction. The forecast impact in the Southern Hemisphere are generally large and positive, however in the Northern Hemispheric, where there is more conventional meteorological observations, the impact of the satellite profiles varies depending on the synoptic situation and has been both positive and negative. The major research effort is directed towards better use of satellite radiance measurements. Cloud Motion Winds also provide a large source of additional meteorological observations, especially in the tropical areas where there are few other upper level wind measurements. The impact of these data is generally positive in the Tropics and the Southern Hemisphere, however some problems have been found in the Northern Hemisphere. There has been a large attempt at ECMWF to improve the quality control of cloud track winds.