Abstract
Sleep deprivation induces adverse effects on the health, productivity, and performance. The individuals who could not get enough sleep temporarily experience the symptoms of an induced acute insomnia. This study investigated the efficacy of sake yeast in treatment of acute insomnia in mice. The results of this study showed that sake yeast induced a significant dose-dependent wake reduction, a rapid eye movement (REM) and a non-REM (NREM) sleep enhancement during the first 6 h after the oral administration of sake yeast with locomotor activity and core body temperature decreases under the stressful environment in a new cage. In fact, the wake amounts at 3 h and 6 h were significantly reduced after the oral administration of sake yeast compared with the vehicle. The NREM sleep amounts at 3 h and 6 h significantly increased after the administration of sake yeast compared with the vehicle. The REM amount at 6 h significantly increased after the administration of sake yeast compared with the vehicle, but not at 3 h. The previous study suggested that the sleep-promoting effects of sake yeast could be referred from the activating effect of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR). In summary, the sake yeast is an A2AR agonist and may induce sleep due to its stress-reducing and anti-anxiety properties. Further verification of the involvement of adenosine in the pathophysiology of insomnia is needed.
Highlights
Sleep deprivation induces adverse effects on the health, productivity, and performance
Significant differences were found [repeated multi-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), compound × time; F (10, 40) = 2.85, p-value = 0.009 and F (10, 40) = 3.18, p-value = 0.004, respectively] in the time course of wake and NREM sleep among the vehicle and the two doses tested of sake yeast, no clear tendency in drug effects were noticed
No significant difference was found in the amounts of sleep/wake for overall 6 h (ZT12–18, dark period) after oral administration (p-value > 0.05), a dose-dependent wake reduction and NREM sleep enhancement were found after 4 h
Summary
Sleep deprivation induces adverse effects on the health, productivity, and performance. This study investigated the efficacy of sake yeast in treatment of acute insomnia in mice. The wake amounts at 3 h and 6 h were significantly reduced after the oral administration of sake yeast compared with the vehicle. The NREM sleep amounts at 3 h and 6 h significantly increased after the administration of sake yeast compared with the vehicle. Homeostatic mechanism supplements the essential amount of sleep needed by promoting the recovery sleep with longer duration and deeper intensity. It is well-known that several endogenous molecules associated with the sleep regulation accumulate in the brain during the waking period. Acute insomnia should be treated by identifying and resolving the underlying causes and sometimes with a safe and effective medical treatment in order to prevent the progression to chronic i nsomnia[6]
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