Abstract
In a Perspective linked to the research article by Isobel Blake and colleagues, Elizabeth Miller and T. Jacob John discuss the path towards global polio eradication and the challenges, strategies, and necessary precautions around oral polio vaccine cessation.
Highlights
The key tool of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) has been the trivalent oral polio vaccine, which induces both humoral and mucosal immunity protecting against paralysis and gut infection, thereby limiting transmission and inducing herd immunity
As the immune response to type 2 in trivalent oral polio vaccine (tOPV) is dominant, monovalent vaccines containing types 1 or 3 and a bivalent 1+3 OPV were developed and used in supplementary immunisation activities from 2005 and 2009, respectively. These vaccines played a significant role in achieving interruption of transmission of types 1 and 3 in India, where poor immunogenicity of tOPV was a major factor in their continued circulation, and helped in Nigeria and Pakistan [3]
The expectation was wild polio virus (WPV) transmission would stop by end 2014 and new cVDPV outbreaks would be interrupted within 120 days of confirmation of the index case
Summary
The key tool of the GPEI has been the trivalent oral polio vaccine (tOPV), which induces both humoral and mucosal immunity protecting against paralysis and gut infection, thereby limiting transmission and inducing herd immunity. When GPEI was launched, wild polio virus (WPV) was endemic in 125 countries and resulted annually in the paralysis of more than 350,000 people, mainly children.
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