Sailing along the global tobacco supply chain: public health insights of innovative database project

Abstract

Abstract Background Tobacco control commonly focuses on reducing tobacco demand rather than tobacco supply. This paper presents findings from a major four-year project on the tobacco supply chain. Transnational Tobacco and Leaf Companies (TTLCs) and other tobacco supply chain companies argue that provision of livelihoods, exports and corporate social responsibility (CSR) exonerates tobacco. Our objective was to consider these claims. Methods This paper presents the results of three studies: a literature review and two analyses of data from the innovative Tobacco Supply Chain Database (TSCD). Study 1: A scoping review of academic literature (n = 124 papers) reviewing how the tobacco supply chain embeds the tobacco industry as a development actor. Study 2: The statistical association between countries hosting TTLC subsidiaries (TSCD) and TTLC interference in health policy (Global Tobacco Industry Interference Index) was analysed (n = 76 countries). Study 3: Document and website analysis of TSCD non-TTLC tobacco supply chain companies comparing descriptions of CSR and tobacco supply chain involvement (n = 80 companies). Results Study 1: Although there are instances of advantages of involvement in the tobacco supply chain, TTLCs tends to be associated with declines in tobacco workers’ income, equality, quality of life (cultural and health and wellbeing) and nations’ environment and economy. Study 2: Countries that hosted more TTLCs had more policy interference (farming subsidiaries p=.046, tobacco product manufacturing subsidiaries p=.008). Study 3: Non-TTLC companies often lack transparency regarding their connection to tobacco. For example, 68% linked to CSR activity on their homepage whereas only 16% linked to involvement in the tobacco supply chain. Conclusions Tobacco supply chain involvement is detrimental to public health, the environment and governance. Countries and companies should seek to extricate themselves from the tobacco supply chain. Key messages • Tobacco supply chain involvement weakens public health governance despite CSR activities. Lack of transparency on supply chain involvement by companies is thus a concern. • The new Tobacco Supply Chain Database illuminates previously hidden areas of the tobacco supply chain: the location of tobacco industry subsidiaries and presence of independent companies.