Abstract
Saikosaponin-d (Ssd) is a triterpenoid saponin derived from Bupleurum falcatum L., which has been shown to exhibit a variety of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Ssd on the differentiation, maturation and function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) isolated from condylomata acuminata patients. The results of the present study demonstrated that Ssd reduced the differentiation of DCs, as evidenced by decreased expression levels of cluster of differentiation (CD)1a, CD80 and CD86 molecules and increased CD14 expression. Expression levels of the mannose receptor and CD32 were also significantly elevated, which was associated with enhanced fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran endocytic activity. Furthermore, Ssd treatment promoted DC maturation by increasing the expression levels of CD40, CD83, CD80 and CD86. In addition, the function of mature DCs, including the secretion of IL-12 and the stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation, was significantly increased following Ssd administration. In conclusion, the present study indicated that Ssd exhibited immunomodulatory effects and may be a novel potent chemopreventive drug candidate for the treatment of condylomata acuminata.
Highlights
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes various venereal infections, including condylomata acuminata, which are frequently asymptomatic but occasionally cause clinical symptoms of anogenital pruritus and burning sensations [1,2]
The nonadherent cells were removed by gentle washing and the remaining adherent monocytes were cultured in RPMI 1640 with granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and IL‐4 for five days to generate immature Dendritic cells (DCs)
The results indicated that Ssd treatment significantly enhanced the expression levels of molecules involved in antigen uptake, including CD32 and mannose receptor (MR), which was consistent with the inhibition of Ssd on the differentiation of monocyte‐derived DCs (Fig. 2A and B)
Summary
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes various venereal infections, including condylomata acuminata, which are frequently asymptomatic but occasionally cause clinical symptoms of anogenital pruritus and burning sensations [1,2]. Previous studies have identified that Ssd exhibits immunomodulatory, anti‐inflammatory and antiviral activities, may be a promising chemotherapeutic drug candidate for condylomata acuminata [6,7]. Dendritic cells (DCs) have been identified as the most potent antigen‐presenting cells that are effective initiators of the immune response to diseases resulting from viral infection [8]. Previous studies have identified that human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can be induced into DCs in the presence of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and interleukin (IL)‐4, enabling the collection of a large quantity of DCs for use in clinical application [11,12]. As mature DCs alone are capable of activating the immune system and protecting the body against infected pathogens, it is critical to identify effective factors that promote the maturation of DCs
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