Safranin-O cationic dye removal from wastewater using carboxymethyl cellulose-grafted-poly(acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid) nanocomposite hydrogel

Abstract

Copolymer of acrylic acid (AA) and itaconic acid (IA) grafted onto sodium carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel (CMC-g-poly (AA-co-IA)) was successfully synthesized as an adsorbent to remove safranin-O from wastewater. The swelling and removal efficiencies of CMC-g-poly (AA-co-IA) were enhanced by increasing IA/AA molar ratio as well as by incorporation of montmorillonite clay nano-sheets (MMT). The surface area of MMT, CMC-g-poly (AA-co-IA), and CMC-g-poly (AA-co-IA) samples was 15.632, 0.61452, and 0.66584 m2/g, respectively, indicating the effectiveness of MMT nano-sheets in improving hydrogel surface area. The maximum removal efficiency of CMC-g-poly (AA-co-IA)/MMT under optimum conditions i.e., pH of 8, initial concentration of 10 mg/L, adsorbent dose of 2 g/L, and contact time of 40 min was ascertained 99.78% using a response surface methodology-central composite design (RSM-CCD). Pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models giving the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 18.5185 mg/g and 19.1205 mg/g for CMC-g-poly (AA-co-IA) and CMC-g-poly (AA-co-IA)/MMT samples, respectively are the best-fitted models for kinetic and equilibrium data. Thermodynamically, safranin-O decontamination was spontaneous, exothermic, and entropy decreasing. Moreover, ad (de)sorption behavior study showed that CMC-g-poly (AA-co-IA)/MMT performance was not changed after multiple recovery steps. Therefore, CMC-g-poly (AA-co-IA)/MMT was considered as a highly potential adsorbent for safranin-O removal from wastewater.