Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxicity of saflufenacil in Brazilian Cerrado soils with contrasting properties. Experiments were performed in a factorial design. To quantify herbicide phytotoxicity, the bioassay technique was used and cucumber (Cucumis sativum) was selected as a test plant. A greater reduction of the dry mass was observed for bioindicator plants in comparison to others in the Typic Dystrophic Red Latosol. A rate of 11.76 g i.a. ha-1 was required to reach 50% reduction of the plant dry mass for this soil. Rates of 30.87; 44.10, and 119.56 g i.a. ha-1, respectively, are needed to achieve a 50% reduction of the plant dry mass in the Typic Acric Red Latosol, Typical Orthic Arenosols Quartzipsamment, and Washed Sand. The bioavailability of saflufenacil is affected by soil properties and therefore the soil type should be considered when deciding upon possible rates.
Highlights
The use of herbicides to control weeds in agricultural systems is of great relevance for large-scale agriculture (Monquero, 2014)
In addition to the importance of organic matter (OM) to increase soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), the sorption of herbicides with high hydrophobicity is greatly affected by the organic fraction
At 21 days after application (DAA), cucumber plants were cut close to the soil and the plant material was placed in a forced air circulation oven at 65 °C for 72 hours to determine the dry mass of the aerial part (DMAP)
Summary
The use of herbicides to control weeds in agricultural systems is of great relevance for large-scale agriculture (Monquero, 2014). The authors verified that OM played a secondary role in the herbicide sorption Acidic herbicides, such as glyphosate and saflufenacil, present a negative charge when in the ionic form and a positive charge on the surface of iron and aluminum oxides and hydroxides, abundant minerals in the highly weathered Oxisols of the Cerrado (Embrapa, 2013). 30 mg L-1 at pH 5.0 and 2.100 mg L-1 at pH 7.0, and vapor pressure is 2.0 10-14 Pa at 25 °C This herbicide inhibits the protoporphyrinogen oxidase enzyme (PROTOX). Such enzyme is found in the chloroplasts and mitochondria of plant cells and is the last common one for the production routes of chlorophyll synthesis and heme compounds (Monquero, 2014). Due to the lack of information about the behavior of saflufenacil in soils of the Cerrado biome and the importance of this biome for the Brazilian agricultural production, the objective of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability of this herbicide in Brazilian Cerrado soils
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