Safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of iodixanol injection, a nonionic, isosmolar, hexa-iodinated contrast agent

Abstract

A review of clinical-chemical parameters and tolerability of iodixanol is presented. Iodixanol is a newly developed dimeric, ratio 6 radiographic contrast medium formulated to be isotonic to plasma in all concentrations by the balanced addition of electrolytes. We summarize completed trials of iodixanol. The increase in femoral blood flow following administration of iodixanol was significantly smaller than that seen with most other nonionic contrast media. Iodixanol appears to have less impact than other nonionic media on renal tubular function. Unlike iohexol and ioxaglate, the rate of adverse events after iodixanol administration was essentially the same for normal patients as for patients at increased risk for negative reactions (patients with previous adverse reactions to contrast administration). The risk following administration of iodixanol also appears to be similar in normal patients and in patients with other risk factors, including those with a history of congestive heart failure, renal insufficiency or disease, asthma, diabetes, hypertension, or vascular disease. A significant reduction in the sensation of injection-associated heat and pain was noted for iodixanol versus ioxaglate. Cardiac electrophysiologic measurements and contractility revealed minimal interference from iodixanol. Iodixanol is a safe and effective nonionic, isotonic contrast medium that may offer clinical advantages.