Abstract
The increasing existence of magnetic and electromagnetic fields in the environment has generated a myriad of questions and research activities around the world. Although these fields are beneficial to medicine, scientific research the populace, and industry, anxiety and uncertainty about their hazards have prompted researchers to strive to conclusively ascertain the positive, negative and long-term effects of these fields on biological systems. This paper reviews the biological effects of magnetic and electromagnetic fields that are classified into three categories: (1) time-varying magnetic fields, (2) DC or static magnetic fields, and (3) the multiplication of both static fields and other energy, such as light and radiation.
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