Abstract
Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems are developed to provide electric power either directly or via battery-charging. The optimism on WPT technology is driven by the ubiquity of cellphones, laptops, and mobile communication devices. Aside from not having to plug in a cellphone or laptop, WPT battery charging offers the potential for mobile devices to get electrical power the same way they get data through harvesting ambient electromagnetic radiation. The dream is a truly wireless mobility scenario with tether-free electric power for cellphones, laptops, appliances, and transportation systems. Beyond wireless communication, the electromagnetic power required for large-scale commercial WPT implementation is substantial. A key facet of the system design and research should include consideration of health effects and safety of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation.
Highlights
Interest in wirelessly providing needed electrical energy to power electronic devices and systems has reemerged in recent years
Aside from not having to plug in the mobile phone or laptop, a fascinating cause for the interest in battery charging through wireless power transfer (WPT) comes from the potential for mobile communication devices to get their electric power the same way they get their data through harvesting ambient radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation
Over the intervening years, WPT systems have been developed for point-to-point transmission of electric power over long distances using microwave beams [2, 3]
Summary
Interest in wirelessly providing needed electrical energy to power electronic devices and systems has reemerged in recent years. The distance criterion commonly used to distinguish the reactive near or radiative far zone is that the phase variation of the field from the antenna does not exceed λ/16 [12]. The transfer of electromagnetic energy in the near zone may be conveniently realized using separate electric and magnetic field generating schemes such as shown in Fig. 2 using capacitive plates and inductive coil systems. The far-field description of any antenna will involve seven physical parameters, regardless of how complex the antenna structure may assume They include the antenna current, antenna size or length expressed in wavelengths, distance away from the antenna, intrinsic impedance of the medium, phase factor, and the pattern factor specifying the field variation with angle. The near-field coaxial induction coils are viable for a wider set of frequencies compared to capacitive plate systems with comparable power ratings, but both are restricted to short-range power transfer scenarios
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