Abstract
The art of tattooing is a popular decorative approach for body decoration and has a corrective value for the face. The tattooing procedure is characterized by placing exogenous pigments into the dermis with a number of needles. The process of creating traditional and cosmetic tattoos is the same. Colorants are deposited in the dermis by piercing the skin with needles of specific shape and thickness, which are moistened with the colorant. Colorants (pigments or dyes) most of the time include impurities which may cause adverse reactions. It is commonly known that tattoo inks remain in the skin for lifetime. It is also a fact that the chemicals that are used in permanent makeup (PMU) colorants may stay in the body for a long time so there is a significant long-term risk for harmful ingredients being placed in the body. Tattoo and PMU colorants contain various substances and their main ingredients and decomposition components may cause health risks and unwanted side effects to skin.
Highlights
Tattoos have become a very popular form of body and face art in the last two decades.There is evidence that 12 % of Europeans have at least one tattoo on their body especially in the 18–35 age group [1,2,3]
The published material found on these databases and the World Wide Web was reviewed on the topics of safety of tattoos and permanent makeup colorants, side effects of tattoo application, and PMU application and chemical substances that might cause cutaneous adverse effects
The results showed that colored tattoo pigments have cutaneous effects over the skin area [44]
Summary
Tattoos have become a very popular form of body and face art in the last two decades.There is evidence that 12 % of Europeans have at least one tattoo on their body especially in the 18–35 age group [1,2,3]. The most common tattoos are usually made with black ink or have various colors located on almost all areas of the human body. A survey in German-speaking countries showed that in 60% of body tattoos black ink has been used [4]. PMU colorants are carefully injected with a PMU machine or by “cutting” the skin via a manual PMU procedure into the face, head and body area. These applications are made by using solid or multiple fine needles injecting the color or by placing the colorants via microblades
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