Abstract
The use of probiotics in foods has increased significantly and there are more and more products available with high numbers of viable probiotics. This article reviews the safety information on probiotic microorganisms. A literature search and assessment of safety data on current probiotics were undertaken. No significant safety concerns for current probiotics were observed. The available data attest to the safety of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotics. In conclusion, current probiotics are considered safe for food use and also have a long history of safe use with postmarket monitoring data available. However, rigorous safety assessment for novel probiotics and especially genetically modified probiotics needs to be established. Keywords: bifidobacteria; infections; lactic acid bacteria; probiotics; safety; side-effects
Highlights
Throughout the world, indigenous populations have been pushed out of their habitats, as encroaching Western development has often forced them to live in marginal conditions
An edible green wild plant (Amaranthus palmeri), and beans were mentioned by all nine informants; pinole, a traditional toasted maize powder prepared as gruel, and noodles were mentioned by seven; potatoes by six; green peas and chicken broth by five; eggs, tortilla and coffee by four; and broad beans and sardines by three
Discussion supplying food aid is neither the only nor the most important way to combat malnutrition, direct food aid, i.e. food distributed to be consumed in addition to food purchased or produced by the household, has a number of advantages over other types of assistance to improve the nutrition of a vulnerable population [13]
Summary
Throughout the world, indigenous populations have been pushed out of their habitats, as encroaching Western development has often forced them to live in marginal conditions. The climatic conditions, limitations in cultivable land and limited accessibility to fertilizers and pesticides have, along with other factors, a considerable effect on the Tarahumara agricultural productivity The balance between these factors is frequently difficult to maintain and small changes in their components can influence the volume of crops, leading to insufficient amounts of food in the household. This eventually leaves small children at increased risk of malnutrition, as families struggle to ensure that the working members remain fit enough to carry on working. Infant mortality among the Tarahumaras of Mexico is high and often linked to malnutrition, such as wasting, found in 10.3% of children aged 6Á23 months This has prompted the government to offer a food-aid basket. Conclusions: Rapid qualitative techniques proved useful in redesigning a food basket targeted towards young Tarahumara children that mothers in focus groups agreed was culturally acceptable
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