Safety of Preprocedural Antiplatelet Medication in Coil Embolization of Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms at the Acute Stage

Abstract

Preoperative antiplatelet medication for aneurysm coil embolization during acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not common. However, recent advances in neurointerventional devices make antiplatelet medication necessary for SAH surgery. We tested the hypothesis that preprocedural antiplatelet therapy in the acute stage of SAH prevents complications due to ischemia or induced bleeding. We retrospectively reviewed 35 consecutive ruptured cerebral saccular aneurysms that underwent coiling at our institute. Two hundred milligrams of aspirin and 150 mg of clopidogrel were administered to the patients at least two hours before coiling. Systemic heparinization was given after sheath insertion. Procedure-related thrombus formation on digital subtraction angiography, and clinical evidence of ischemia and procedure-related stroke on CT were reviewed. The median patient age was 69 years. Five males and 30 females were included. Seventy-seven percent of patients were Hunt-Hess grades 1 to 3. Assist techniques were used in 20 cases (57%). We inserted one extracranial internal carotid artery stent, but no intracranial stent. Intraoperative thrombosis occurred in one case (2.9%), with no clinical symptoms. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid drainage was done in three cases, but we experienced no bleeding complications. Preoperative antiplatelet therapy leads to a low rate of thromboembolic events in coiling during acute stage SAH, and this strategy had no adverse influence on bleeding complications.