Safety of geriatric patients undergoing endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration with deep sedation: a retrospective study

Abstract

BackgroundEndobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) can be performed in a wide range, from minimal sedation to general anesthesia. Advanced age increases perioperative risks related to anesthesia and is also associated with many pathological processes that further increase morbidity and mortality. The ideal sedation protocol for EBUS-TBNA has yet to be determined in geriatric patients. Deep sedation (DS) may increase the safety and performance of the procedure. There are limited studies evaluating the effectiveness and safety of EBUS-TBNA under DS in elderly patients.Methods280 patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA under DS were included in this retrospective study. 156 patients aged 65 years and over (Group 1) and 124 patients under 45 (Group 2) were compared. Demographic data, comorbidities, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), hemodynamic measurements, and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) before the procedure were evaluated. In addition, the duration of the EBUS-TBNA procedure, sedation agents and dosages, recovery time, and complications related to the procedure in the 24 h and applied medications and treatments were recorded.ResultsThere was no difference in body mass index, EBUS-TBNA procedure duration, and recovery time between geriatric and young patients(p > 0.05). The proportion of female patients, pre-anesthesia SpO2, and PFTs were found to be significantly lower in geriatric patients(p < 0.05). ASA classification, frequency of comorbidities, and initial mean arterial pressure were found to be significantly higher in the geriatric group(p < 0.05). The propofol-ketamine combination was the most preferred sedative in both groups. The dose of propofol used in the regimen in which propofol was administered alone was found to be lower in the elderly group (p < 0.05). The increase in the HR was significant in Group 2 in the T4 and T5 periods with respect to T1 when the differences were compared (p < 0.05). As a complication, the frequency of high blood pressure during the procedure was higher in the elderly group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe EBUS-TBNA procedure performed under DS was safe in elderly and young patients. Our study showed that the procedure and recovery times were similar in the elderly and young groups. The incidence of temporary high blood pressure during the procedure was higher in the elderly patients. The other complication rates during the procedure were similar in groups. Decreased propofol dose in the regimen using propofol alone has shown us that anesthetists are more sensitive to the administration of sedative agents in geriatric patients, taking into account comorbidities and drug interactions.