Safety of Drug-Eluting Stents in the Coronary Artery in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction at a Single High-Volume Medical Center

Abstract

Several trials have shown the effectiveness of drug-eluting stents (DES) in reducing restenosis. Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been an exclusion criterion in most trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of DES. There is recent randomized trial data evaluating the use and safety of DES for acute myocardial infarction. However, there is a need for "real world" data on the efficacy and safety of DES in STEMI. A single-center retrospective analysis was performed on 188 consecutive patients with STEMI treated with primary or rescue coronary angioplasty between March 2004 and July 2005. The study consisted of 3 groups: 115 patients treated with paclitaxel-eluting stents, 55 with sirolimus-eluting stents, and 18 with bare metal stents. Outcomes were assessed from 12 to 28 months (mean 20, median 19) for major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) including myocardial infarction, in-stent thrombosis, clinical restenosis, and death. There were 4 in-stent thromboses in the paclitaxel group (3.4%) and 2 in-stent thromboses in the sirolimus group (3.6%). The thromboses ranged from acute (within 24 hours) to as late as 8 months. Clinical restenosis occurred in 4 patients (3.4%) in the paclitaxel group and in 2 patients (3.6%) in the sirolimus. None of the 18 patients with bare metal stents had thrombosis or clinical restenosis. There were 7 total deaths, all related to complications from the index STEMI: 1 in the bare metal group, 1 in the sirolimus group, and 5 in the paclitaxel group. The postdischarge MACE rate was 7% with no deaths. In conclusion, the use of DES in acute STEMI is associated with a low postdischarge MACE rate and a 3.5% in-stent thrombosis rate, which is similar to reported rates in earlier randomized trials.