Abstract

Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) was evaluated as an alternative to Dryvax ® in vaccinia-naïve and vaccinia-immune adult volunteers. Subjects received intramuscular MVA or placebo followed by Dryvax ® challenge at 3 months. Two or more doses of MVA prior to Dryvax ® reduced severity of lesion formation, decreased magnitude and duration of viral shedding, and augmented post-Dryvax ® vaccinia-specific CD8+ T cell responses and extracellular enveloped virus protein-specific antibody responses. MVA vaccination is safe and immunogenic and improves the safety and immunogenicity of subsequent Dryvax ® vaccination supporting the potential for using MVA as a vaccine in the general population to improve immunity to orthopoxviruses.

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