Abstract
Celtis iguanaea is popularly known as “Esporao-de-galo” in Portuguese and its leaves are traditionally used in infusion forms as analgesic, antiasthmatic, digestive and diuretic. The aim of this study was to assess the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the crude extract from the Celtis iguanaea leaves in male rats. The toxicity studies were based on the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD-guidelines 423 and 407). In the acute study, a single dose of 2000 mg/kg of C. iguanaea was administered orally. In the sub-acute study, the extract was administered orally to male rats with doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Behavioral changes and biochemical, hematological, and histological analysis were evaluated. The acute administration of C. iguanaea did not cause changes in behavior or mortality. At the sub-acute toxicity study, we observed an increase of glucose and a decrease of the aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) enzyme. Celtis iguanaea, after acute administration, may be classified as safe (category 5), according to the OECD guide. However, the alterations observed after sub-acute administration with high doses of crude extract from the C. iguanaea leaves suggest that more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of action.
Highlights
The use of medicinal plants in the treatment and cure of diseases is as old as the human species, especially due to the ease of obtaining them and their low cost when used in natura [1]
HPLC analysis HPLC profile of C. iguanaea revealed the presence of the phenolics acids: gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and ellagic acid, and the flavonoids: rutin and quercetin (Figure 1 and Table 1)
They usage is based on popular knowledge, passed on by cultural groups that have a direct contact with nature and explore their potential, passing on the knowledge from generation to generation [3]
Summary
The use of medicinal plants in the treatment and cure of diseases is as old as the human species, especially due to the ease of obtaining them and their low cost when used in natura [1]. Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent belongs to the family Cannabaceae, known in traditional medicine as “Esporão-de-galo” in Portuguese. It has a wide geographical distribution, occurring in the South America. This species is an angiosperm and dicotyledonous characterized as a shrub or small tree with a thorny plant, 6 m to 9 m high, with rounded crown and branches, having canopy in pyramidal shape and an upright cylindrical trunk of 15 cm to 30 cm in diameter. The infusion of its leaves is popularly used in the treatment of joint pain, asthma, cramps and poor digestion, as a diuretic, and in the treatment of gastric ulcers [4,5,6,7]
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