Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of spironolactone in a cohort of elderly patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), and reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF). Methods: We selected all consecutive outpatients evaluated in our clinic who met strict criteria for HF (using a diagnostic protocol based on clinical, echocardiographic parameters and brain natriuretic peptide), treated with spironolactone before December 2009. We analyzed the numbers of hospital admissions, the emergency room visits, the number of deaths and the need to discontinue spironolactone treatment until follow up ended in December 2011.
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