Abstract
Recently, the shipping industry has been under increasing pressure to improve its environmental impact with a target of a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, compared to the 2008 levels. For this reason, great attention has been placed on alternative zero-carbon fuels, specifically ammonia, which is considered a promising solution for shipping decarbonisation. In this respect, a novel ammonia-powered fuel-cell configuration is proposed as an energy-efficient power generation configuration with excellent environmental performance. However, there are safety and reliability concerns of the proposed ammonia-powered system that need to be addressed prior to its wider acceptance by the maritime community. Therefore, this is the first attempt to holistically examine the safety, operability, and reliability of an ammonia fuel-cell-powered ship, while considering the bunkering and fuel specifications. The proposed methodology includes the novel combination of a systematic preliminary hazard identification process with a functional and model-based approach for simulating the impact of various hazards. Furthermore, the critical faults and functional failures of the proposed system are identified and ranked according to their importance. This work can be beneficial for both shipowners and policymakers by introducing technical innovation and for supporting the future regulatory framework.
Highlights
IntroductionThe level of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has increased by more than 10% in the last decade [1], accelerating climate change
This highlighted in the outcomes of the Hazard Identification (HAZID), of ofcan the even mainbe hazards was isidentified as the leakage of ammonia inside the FCwhere roomone or on the main hazards was identified as the leakage of ammonia inside the room or on the the bunkering connection
A novel ammonia-powered fuel-cell system is proposed, which can play a significant role in shipping decarbonisation
Summary
The level of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has increased by more than 10% in the last decade [1], accelerating climate change. For this reason, during the last few decades, societies have been urged to adopt more environmentally friendly behaviours regarding their energy production and consumption. In 2050, the GHG emissions from ships will rise to higher levels than 2008, by approximately 130%, if this accelerating operational trend continues [5].
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