Safety and incremental prognostic value of stress CMR in patients with known chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although several studies have demonstrated the consistently high prognostic value of stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), its prognostic value in patients with CKD is not well established. We aimed to assess the safety and the incremental prognostic value of vasodilator stress perfusion CMR in consecutive symptomatic patients with known CKD. Methods Between 2008 and 2021, we conducted a bi-center longitudinal study with all consecutive symptomatic patients with known CKD, defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 30 and 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, referred for vasodilator stress CMR. All patients with eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m² (n=62) were excluded due the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. All patients were followed for the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as cardiac death or recurrent nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI). Cox regressions were used to determine the prognostic value of stress CMR parameters. Results Of 825 patients with known CKD (71.4±8.8 years, 70% men), 769 (93%) completed the CMR protocol, and among those 702 (91%) completed the follow-up (median follow-up 6.4 (4.0–8.2) years). Stress CMR was well tolerated without occurrence of death or severe adverse event related to the injection of gadolinium or nephrogenic systemic fibrosis case. The presence of inducible ischemia was associated with the occurrence of MACE (hazard ratio [HR] 12.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.50–20.8; p<0.001). In multivariable analysis, ischemia and late gadolinium enhancement were independent predictors of MACE (HR 15.5; 95% CI: 7.72 to 30.9; and HR:4.67 [95%CI: 2.83-7.68]; respectively, both p<0.001). After adjustment, stress CMR findings showed the best improvement in model discrimination and reclassification above traditional risk factors (C-statistic improvement: 0.13; NRI=0.477; IDI=0.049). Conclusions In patients with known CKD, stress CMR is safe and its findings have an incremental prognostic value to predict MACE over traditional risk factors.Cumulative rates of MACECompeting risk analysis