Abstract
Inactivated influenza vaccines confer incomplete and transient protection from disease, and the whole-virus inactivated vaccines cause high rates of reactions in children. Live, attenuated vaccines have been developed from cold-adapted (CA) and avian-human (AH) influenza virus reassortants, and are safe and effective in adults. We compared the infectious dose50, immunogenicity, reactogenicity and transmissability of CA and AH influenza A/Bethesda/85 (H3N2) reassortant vaccines in young children. Fifty-eight seronegative 6 to 36 months old children were studied in groups of 6 to 10 in close contact in a day-care-like setting for 2 days before and 9 days after receiving a placebo or 103 to 106 TCID50 of either vaccine. Seroconversion occurred in >50% of children who received a dose of 106 TCID50 of either vaccine. There were no differences in rates of febrile or respiratory illness between vaccinees and placebo recipients. Vaccine virus was shed in low titers (5.6 to 27.5 TCID50/ml) for 1 to 5 days by vaccinees, and no transmission to placebo contacts occurred. Both vaccines appear to be safe and immunogenic in young children and infants.
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