Abstract
BackgroundRift Valley fever is an emerging zoonotic viral disease, enzootic and endemic in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, which poses a significant threat to both human and animal health. The disease is most severe in ruminants causing abortions in pregnant animals, especially sheep animals and high mortality in young populations. High mortality rates and severe clinical manifestation have also been reported among camel populations in Africa, to attend however none of the currently available live vaccines against RVF have been tested for safety and efficacy in this species. In this study, the safety and efficacy (through a neutralizing antibody response) of the thermostable live attenuated RVF CL13T vaccine were evaluated in camels in two different preliminary experiments involving 16 camels, (that 12 camels and 4 pregnant camels).ResultsThe study revealed that the CL13T vaccine was safe to use in camels and no abortions or teratogenic effects were observed. The single dose of the vaccine stimulated a strong and long-lasting neutralizing antibody response for up to 12 months.ConclusionThe presence of neutralization antibodies is likely to correlate with protection; however protection would need to be confirmed by challenge experiments using the virulent RVF virus.
Highlights
Rift Valley fever is an emerging zoonotic viral disease, enzootic and endemic in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, which poses a significant threat to both human and animal health
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic viral disease caused by Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), which is a virus within the genus Phlebovirus and family Bunyaviridae
This study reveals that camels mounted a strong and longlasting neutralizing antibody response when vaccinated with a single dose of the live CL13T RVF vaccine and that the vaccine is safe to use, producing no significant sideeffects in the vaccinated animals
Summary
Rift Valley fever is an emerging zoonotic viral disease, enzootic and endemic in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, which poses a significant threat to both human and animal health. The disease is most severe in ruminants causing abortions in pregnant animals, especially sheep animals and high mortality in young populations. High mortality rates and severe clinical manifestation have been reported among camel populations in Africa, to attend none of the currently available live vaccines against RVF have been tested for safety and efficacy in this species. The disease is most severe in sheep, goats and cattle, causing abortions in pregnant females and high mortality in young animals [4,5,6,7,8]. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the thermostable live attenuated CL13T vaccine in camels
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