Safety and efficacy of fiducial marker implantation for robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy with fiducial tracking

Nathaniel Scher,Ilan Darmon,Rie Von Eyben,Remi Tannouri,Imane Khemiri,Noura Sellami,Marc Bollet,Olivier Bauduceau,Hanah Lamallem,Luc Rotenberg,Gauthier Bouilhol,Alain Toledano,Aurelie Vouillaume,Denis Foster,Jean-Michel Vannetzel

doi:10.1186/s13014-019-1373-2

Nathaniel Scher, Ilan Darmon + Show 13 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13014-019-1373-2

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Abstract

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility, efficacy and toxicity of fiducial marker implantation and tracking in CyberKnife® stereotactic radiation therapy (SBRT) applied to extracranial locations.Materials and methodThis is a retrospective, single-centre, observational study to collect the data of all patients treated by stereotactic radiation therapy with fiducial marker tracking at extracranial locations, conducted between June 2014 and November 2017. Information regarding the implantation procedure, the types of toxicity related to marker implantation and the number of markers implanted/tracked during treatment were collected. Complication rates were evaluated using the CTCAE v4 [Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events] scale. The technical success rate was based on the ability to optimally track the tumor throughout all treatment fractions.ResultsOut of 2505 patients treated by stereotactic radiation therapy, 25% received treatment with fiducial marker tracking. The total number of implantation procedures was 616 and 1543 fiducial markers were implanted. The implantation-related complication rate was 3%, with 16 Grade 1 events and 4 Grade 2 events. The number of treated patients and the number of implanted markers has gradually increased since the technique was first implemented. The median treatment time was 27 min (range 10–76). 1295 fiducials were effectively tracked throughout all treatment fractions, corresponding to a technical success rate of 84%. The difference between the number of fiducials implanted and those tracked during treatment decreased significantly as the site’s experience increased.ConclusionFiducial marker implantation and tracking is feasible, well-tolerated, and technically effective technique in SBRT for extracranial tumors.

Highlights

Extracranial radiation therapy under stereotactic conditions (Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy, or SBRT) is defined as a high-precision treatment method that delivers a high dose of radiation to a target volume with a steep dose gradient, ensuring that surrounding critical organs are spared
Out of 2505 patients treated by stereotactic radiation therapy, 25% received treatment with fiducial marker tracking
The median treatment time was 27 min. 1295 fiducials were effectively tracked throughout all treatment fractions, corresponding to a technical success rate of 84%

Summary

Introduction

Extracranial radiation therapy under stereotactic conditions (Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy, or SBRT) is defined as a high-precision treatment method that delivers a high dose of radiation to a target volume with a steep dose gradient, ensuring that surrounding critical organs are spared. Non-radiation-based systems include electromagnetic tracking, ultrasound and. Radiation-based systems include static as well as real time tracking, using either kV, MV, or hybrid methods. Registration of tumor targets and normal tissue avoidance structures to the treatment delivery machine is possible via motion control devices. There are three categories of motion control techniques: the gating, the damping and the tracking. The gating consist to follow the respiratory cycle using a surrogate in order to trigger the beam only in a specific time. The damping device such as abdominal compression or breath hold maneuvers can restrain the motion. Tracking device make possible to move the radiation beam to follow the moving target

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