Abstract
Four hundred myopic children randomly received atropine 0.02% (n = 138) or 0.01% (n = 142) in both eyes once-nightly or only wore single-vision spectacles (control group) (n = 120) for 2 years. Spherical equivalent refractive error (SER), axial length (AL), pupil diameter (PD), and amplitude of accommodation (AMP) were measured every 4 months. After 2 years, the SER changes were − 0.80 (0.52) D, − 0.93 (0.59) D and − 1.33 (0.72) D and the AL changes were 0.62 (0.29) mm, 0.72 (0.31) mm and 0.88 (0.35) mm in the 0.02% and 0.01% atropine groups and control group, respectively. There were significant differences between changes in SER and AL in the three groups (all P < 0.001). The changes in SER and AL in the 2nd year were similar to the changes in the 1st year in the three groups (all P > 0.05). From baseline to 2 years, the overall decrease in AMP and increase in PD were not significantly different in the two atropine groups, whereas the AMP and PD in the control group remained stable (all P > 0.05). 0.02% atropine had a better effect on myopia control than 0.01% atropine, and its effects on PD and AMP were similar to 0.01% atropine. 0.02% or 0.01% atropine controlled myopia progression and AL elongation synchronously and had similar effects on myopia control each year.
Highlights
The prevalence of myopia is significantly increasing worldwide, especially in Asia[1,2,3]
Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), spherical equivalent refractive error (SER), intraocular pressure (IOP), pupil diameter, AMP, axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal curvature, time spent in outdoor activity and near work, and parental myopia status were similar among the groups, with no significant differences (Table 1)
Our 2-year study showed that once-nightly use of 0.02% atropine had a better effect on myopia control than 0.01% atropine, and its effects on pupil diameter (PD) and AMP were similar to those of 0.01% atropine for children in mainland China
Summary
The prevalence of myopia is significantly increasing worldwide, especially in Asia[1,2,3]. The changes in axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) were not synchronous; the degree of myopia was stable, while AL continued to increase between 8 and 24 months after using 0.01% atropine. These phenomena were not observed with higher concentrations of atropine (0.1% or 0.5%). Our 1-year study found that 0.02% atropine had a better effect on myopia control than 0.01% atropine, but 0.02% and 0.01% atropine showed similar side-effects[18] This 2-year study was a continuation of our previous. 31 Excluded 18 Did not meet inclusion criterion 6 declined to participate 4 History of using atropine 3 History of using orthokeratology lens
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