Safety and effectiveness of empagliflozin according to body mass index in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a subgroup analysis of a 3-year post-marketing surveillance study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Empagliflozin, a glucose-lowering drug licensed for type 2 diabetes (T2D), demonstrated tolerability and effectiveness overall in a post-marketing surveillance (PMS) study in Japan. However, the impact of body mass index (BMI) is unclear. Research design and methods This was a prespecified sub-analysis of the prospective, 3-year, PMS study of empagliflozin in Japan where the primary endpoint was adverse drug reactions (ADRs). We evaluated results according to BMI. Results We enrolled 7931 T2D patients treated with empagliflozin. Baseline mean age was 58.7 years; 63.01% were male. Baseline BMI was <20 kg/m2 in 2.06% of patients, while 21.28%, 37.35%, and 24.97% had BMI 20–<25, 25–<30 and ≥30 kg/m2, respectively. ADRs occurred in 19 (11.66%), 203 (12.03%), 411 (13.88%), and 295 (14.90%) patients with BMI <20, 20–<25, 25–<30 and ≥30 kg/m2, respectively. Excessive/frequent urination was the most frequent ADR of special interest in all BMI subgroups except 20–<25 kg/m2 (urinary tract infection). Mean change in glycated hemoglobin from baseline was –0.75%, with similar magnitude across BMI subgroups. Body-weight reduction seemed dependent on BMI, with almost no change in the <20 kg/m2 subgroup. Conclusions Empagliflozin appeared well tolerated and effective in Japanese T2D patients regardless of BMI, although the number of patients with BMI <20 kg/m2 was small in this study.