Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum separation distance between aquaculture farms and ship traffic to prevent damage to either the farms or the vessels. A high-risk area in South Korea was selected for the study by overlapping shipping routes with fisheries using satellite and aerial photographs. The annual frequency of damage was calculated based on a probability distribution applied to the sea area, and a safe distance between the aquaculture farms and the traffic was derived. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test was conducted to determine whether the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) follows the data of this study. It was found that a safe distance of at least 1000 m is needed to avoid farm or vessel damage. Then, it is possible to prevent damage to vessel propellers and fisheries locating aquaculture farms at the minimum safe distance from the traffic routes. For protection and security of these structures, the installation of a set of wirelessly Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) sensors that can transmit the farm location to the ship’s navigator were suggested.
Highlights
We investigated the aquaculture farms that were adjacent to the traffic route installed to the north of the 7th safe watermark and the northwest of the 18th safe watermark
If the farm is located very near to the traffic route within 1000 m, we suggest that it is necessary to install a set of Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) sensors that can transmit the location of the aquaculture farms to the ships
The aquaculture farm data collected by satellite and aerial images were overlapped with the trajectories of the vessels navigating along the marine traffic route
Summary
The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum separation distance between aquaculture farms and ship traffic to prevent damage to either the farms or the vessels. The annual frequency of damage was calculated based on a probability distribution applied to the sea area, and a safe distance between the aquaculture farms and the traffic was derived. It is possible to prevent damage to vessel propellers and fisheries locating aquaculture farms at the minimum safe distance from the traffic routes. According to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, one of the most increasing food-producing industries in the world is the aquaculture activity, which is a vital industry necessary to meet the future worldwide demand of seafood [1].
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