Abstract

Android is gaining popularity as the operating system of embedded systems and recent demands of its application on industrial control are steadily increasing. However, its feasibility is still in question due to two major drawbacks: safety and security. In particular, ensuring the safe operation of industrial control systems requires the system to be governed by stringent temporal constraints and should satisfy real-time requirements. In this sense, we explore the real-time characteristics of Xenomai to guarantee strict temporal deadlines, and provide a viable method integrating Android processes to real-time tasks. Security is another issue that affects safety due to the increased connectivity in industrial systems provoking a higher risk of cyber and hardware attacks. Herein, we adopted a hardware copy protection chip and enforced administrative security policies in the booting process and the Android application layer. These policies ensure that the developed system is protected from physical tampering and unwanted Android applications. The articulacy of the administrative policies is demonstrated through experiments. The developed embedded system is connected to an industrial EtherCAT motion device network exhibiting operability on an actual industrial application. Real-time performance was evaluated in terms of schedulability and responsiveness, which are critical in determining the safety and reliability of the control system.

Highlights

  • Industrial control systems (ICS) comprise heterogeneous hardware and software components for control, sensing, and actuation, that are interconnected with specialized industrial networks

  • Due to the fact that applications without the encryption library or the encryption key abruptly terminate, we focus on demonstrating the authentication of the Algorithm License Permmituition Unit (ALPU) key value in the Android application layer

  • We present an Android-based industrial embedded control system addressing the safety and security issues of Android

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Summary

Introduction

Industrial control systems (ICS) comprise heterogeneous hardware and software components for control, sensing, and actuation, that are interconnected with specialized industrial networks. We aim to address the safety issues of Android by developing a single-board embedded system which can guarantee hard real-time constraints and integrate Android applications to real-time tasks Security is another issue that affects safety due to the increased connectivity in industrial systems, which causes a higher risk of cyber and hardware attacks. This causes the real-time tasks to be non-deterministic, resulting in a system freeze or a kernel panic To deal with this issue, we developed a communication interface between Android applications and Xenomai, utilizing the shared memory mechanism of Android Interface Definition Language (AIDL) and a variant of our previous work in [24].

Android-based Industrial Controller for Safety-Critical Applications
Software
Integration of Android Applications and Real-Time Xenomai Tasks
Policy Oriented Security Scheme
Administrative Policies
Adversary Model
Experiment and Evaluation
Experiment Environment
Articulacy of the ofAdministrative
In Figure
Demonstration thebooting booting process process policies:
Operability on an Actual Industrial Network
Real-time Performance
Conclusions
Full Text
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