Sacralization of Coccygeal Vertebra: A Descriptive Observational Study in Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: In the sacrococcygeal region, anatomical variation is due to the sacralization of the coccygeal vertebra, which is the due union of/fusion of the fifth sacral with the first coccygeal vertebra of five couples of sacral foramina under-detected or asymptomatic beyond radiological assessment. That is why it is challenging to know the cause of coccydynia, caudal block failure, the difficult second stage of labor, and perineal tears. The present study aims to improve knowledge about the anatomical variation of sacralization of the coccygeal vertebra. Additionally, to find the prevalence of sacralization of coccygeal vertebra in Sylhet, Bangladesh.Methods: This study was performed on 60 parched, totally calcified, typical sacra of mature-age individuals of undetermined sexes, fulfilling the inclusion criteria from the bone bank of the osteology museum of the Department of Anatomy, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh, from July 2017 to June 2018. Sex determination of the collected unknown sacra was conducted using discriminant function analysis. It was found that 50% (30) were male and 50% (30%) were female. The unpaired t-tests and chi-square were utilized to determine the statistical significance.Results: Out of 60 sacra, eight (13.33%) samples presented with sacralization. This study found that males had significantly higher straight (p=0.05) and curved (p=0.05) lengths of sacrococcygeal vertebrae. The sacrococcygeal curvature index (SCI) showed statistically significant (p=0.05) differences between the sexes.Conclusion: Sacralization may exert an impact on the caudal block. It could extend the second stage of the labor process with perineal tears. Therefore, knowledge about the anatomical variation of the coccygeal vertebra is essential.