Abstract
In this review, the current literature available about sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in the management of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) will be addressed. SNM has emerged in recent years as a minimally invasive option of management for refractory BPS/IC patients that otherwise should undergo reconstructive procedures. Although not approved by the FDA for this specific group of patients, the available data show a favourable response in both objective and subjective variables with a long-lasting effect. The implantation rate after the test phase is greater with the insertion of the quadripolar tined lead than with the monopolar percutaneous nerve evaluation. Most complications can be managed with reprogramming. The reintervention rate is still high, although it decreases when excluding surgeries for battery exchange. Sacral neuromodulation should be considered in the treatment algorithm of patients with BPS/IC, as suggested in international guidelines. It provides symptomatic relief in a significant proportion of patients, being a fully reversible procedure with a very favourable complications’ profile. Reintervention or explantation risk factors have not been consistently established.
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