Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) and Bacillus subtilis B10 (Bs) on intestinal epithelial Toll like receptors (TLR), and Cytokine expression response to understand the intestinal epithelial innate immune mechanism in broilers. A total of 300 birds (Sanhuang broilers) were allotted into three groups (n = 100) and each divided into five replications (n = 20). Control group (Ctr) birds were fed basal diet, broilers in experimental groups received (1×108cfu/kg feed) Sb and Bs respectively in addition to basal diet for 72 days. The result showed significant increase in mRNA expression level of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR15. Down streaming MyD88, TRAF6, TAB2 and NF-κB mRNA level noted higher, in the jejunum and ileum as compared to control group. Meanwhile, IL-6, TNFα, IL-10, TGF-β expression levels showed high expression in the jejunum of Sb and Bs groups. IL-10 expression level increased in the ileum and IL-6, TNFα, IL-10 and TGF-β expression levels increased in the jejunum of Sb group. Levels of IL-1 β, IL-17, and IL-4, increased merely in Sb group. Ileal cytokines IL-1β, IL-17 and IL-4concentration were noted higher in Sb group, and IL-1β, and IL-4 levels were up-regulated in Bs group. The results indicated that the INF-γ and IL-8 level decreased in Sb and BS groups. Serum IgA and sIgA level increased in both treatment groups. Our findings illustrated that S. boulardii and B. subtilis B10 may have a role to induce mucosal immunity by activating the TLRs and cytokines expressions in broilers.
Highlights
Intestinal surface is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that integrates an alliance among the epithelial barriers, immune mediators and myriads of microbes [1]
MRNA expression level of TLR4 in the jejunum was (11.397 and 8.279) fold change higher, while in the ileum TLR4 expression (7.031) fold change increased in Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) group and (3.137) fold change in Bacillus subtilis B10 (Bs) group
TLR15 chicken specific receptor mRNA expression up-regulated in jejunum (9.608 and 5.594) and in the ileum (9.351 and 3.556) fold change in probiotic groups as compared with control group, respectively
Summary
Intestinal surface is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that integrates an alliance among the epithelial barriers, immune mediators and myriads of microbes [1]. Intestinal epithelium cells are not a physical barrier only, and play an active role in the so-called ‘trilogue’ among luminal bacteria, epithelium and professional immune cells of lamina propria [2]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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