Abstract
Pressure, temperature, and retention time are the most studied parameters in steam explosion pretreatment. However, this work aimed to fix these parameters and to evaluate the influences of several less investigated steam explosion parameters on the saccharification yield in hydrolysis. In this study, firstly, pinewood samples smaller than 200 µm were treated with steam explosion at 190 °C for 10 min. The variable parameters were biomass loading, N2 pressure, and release time. Steam-exploded samples were hydrolyzed with the Trichoderma reesei enzyme for saccharification for 72 h. The sugar content of the resultant products was analyzed to estimate the yield of sugars (such as glucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, and arabinose). The best glucose yield in the pulp was achieved with 4 g of sample, N2 pressure of 0.44 MPa, and short release time (22 s). These conditions gave a glucose yield of 97.72% in the pulp, and the xylose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose yields in the liquid fraction were found to be 85.59%, 87.76%, 86.43%, and 90.3%, respectively.
Highlights
Attention on biorefineries has increased dramatically because of the environmental and economic impacts of fossil sources
Whereas cellulose has polymeric glucan chains that contain glucose monomers, hemicellulose has polymeric structures that are formed from hexoses and pentose, and it may involve sugar acids [6,9]
The lignin content of steam-exploded samples is presented before the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results because the HPLC analysis was conducted using the second filtrate of lignin determination
Summary
Attention on biorefineries has increased dramatically because of the environmental and economic impacts of fossil sources. Biorefineries use biomass as a feedstock to produce biofuels, biopower, biomaterials, and biochemicals instead of fossil sources [1,2]. Biorefineries that use wood as feedstock are called lignocellulosic feedstock biorefineries (LCFs). Lignocellulosic biomass contains mainly cellulose (25–50%), hemicellulose (15–30%), and lignin (10–35%) [6,7,8]. Cellulose is the leading sugar source for lignocellulosic bioethanol production. Whereas cellulose has polymeric glucan chains that contain glucose monomers, hemicellulose has polymeric structures that are formed from hexoses and pentose, and it may involve sugar acids [6,9]. Its higher lignin ratio makes the lignocellulose structure more rigid, and the recalcitrant structure of lignocellulosic biomass makes bioconversion more complicated compared to that of first-generation bioethanol feedstocks [10].
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