Abstract
In this chapter, the main desalination technologies and their working principles are described. Each technology is described in detail showing how the process works. Various arrangements and designs for these techniques are presented and compared in terms of specific energy consumption, cost, freshwater production capacity, and energy efficiency. Employing some devices to increase the energy efficiency of desalination systems, like thermal vapor compression in multi-effect desalination and energy recovery in reverse osmosis is also discussed. Finally, emerging trends and directions in alternative water supply strategies are presented.
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