Abstract
[Objective] Laparoscopy-endoscopy cooperative surgery (LECS) has been conducted to set the resection area for submucosal tumors (SMT). Duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection presents a high risk of perforation and bleeding during and after operation. Therefore, we also introduced LECS for duodenal epithelial tumors. This study clarified the efficacy of LECS for gastric/duodenal tumors.
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