Abstract
Environmental or abiotic stresses are a common threat that remains a constant and common challenge to all plants. These threats whether singular or in combination can have devastating effects on plants. As a semiaquatic plant, rice succumbs to the same threats. Here we systematically look into the involvement of salicylic acid (SA) in the regulation of abiotic stress in rice. Studies have shown that the level of endogenous salicylic acid (SA) is high in rice compared to any other plant species. The reason behind this elevated level and the contribution of this molecule towards abiotic stress management and other underlying mechanisms remains poorly understood in rice. In this review we will address various abiotic stresses that affect the biochemistry and physiology of rice and the role played by SA in its regulation. Further, this review will elucidate the potential mechanisms that control SA-mediated stress tolerance in rice, leading to future prospects and direction for investigation.
Highlights
One of the main reasons for the degradation of our agricultural systems is due to the application of anthropogenic activities, which has resulted in abiotic stresses such as high metal content in soil, nutrient depletion, salinity, and changes to the physico-chemical structure of the soil [1,2]
This study showed that phytohormones like abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) collectively had a role in moderating abiotic stress responses in various plants including rice [96]
OsWRKY45, which controls well-known genes and regulators including OsWRKY62, OsNAC4, and OsHSF1, controlled the upregulated BTH sensitive genes [123,124]. These findings suggest that OsNPR1 and OsWRKY45 play complementary roles in the rice
Summary
Agricultural systems are open to both abiotic and biotic stresses. Abiotic stresses encompass so many diverse stresses and their significance and relevance to agricultural productivity is paramount. Several studies have implicated the involvement of growth regulators in resistance and defense signaling of plants including rice [4,5]. SA, an endogenous signal molecule, regulates plant responses and serves as a signal transducer Abiotic stress tolerance is known to induce several genes in plants, and most of these genes are linked to SA-dependent activation. These genes include chaperones, antioxidants, secondary metabolites and other stress related proteins [17,18,19].
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