Abstract
BackgroundThere is renewed interest in the relationship between early childhood trauma and risk of psychosis in adulthood. Trauma and stressful events in childhood and adolescence are known to be more prevalent among individuals with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders than in the general population. Furthermore, other findings support the role of childhood trauma as a socio-environmental risk factor for psychotic symptoms, and research on the potential etiological relationship between trauma/stressful events in childhood/adolescence and psychotic disorders is evolving. The aim of the current study was to examine relations among all items and domains of childhood trauma and schizophrenic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. The relationship between types of trauma and their association with psychotic symptoms was analysed.MethodsIn this study, we collected data from 50 schizophrenic patients (39 males and 11 females). All patients met the DSM 5 criteria for schizophrenia. Psychotic symptoms were measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Trauma and stressful events in childhood and adolescence were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).ResultsWe found significant correlations between emotional and sexual abuse, emotional neglect and denial scale in CTQ with positive symptoms of the PANSS (p<0,05).Meanwhile, no correlations were found between CTQ domains neither with negative symptoms nor with general psychopathology scale of the PANSS.DiscussionThis study showed that childhood trauma could be a predictor factor for developing positive symptoms in schizophrenia. Most studies found similar results, showing a correlation between childhood trauma and hallucinations in schizophrenia. A correlation between childhood trauma and agressive behaviours was also described in litterature. These results went along with the stress sensitization model where the HPA axis is over-active and excessively reactive to the subsequent environemental stressors causing positive symptoms of the disease.
Highlights
Studies that have examined gender differences in social functioning have found better performance in women but other studies failed to detect these differences (Ochoa et al, 2012).We aim to study gender differences in functionality in a severe sample of schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients, and to analyse the relationships between functionality, psychopathological dimensions and gender
Participants were assessed with BNSS-Da, Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), St
More infirm correlations were found between BNSS-Da and CDSS (ρ=0.314, p=0.028), Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP) (ρ=-0.480, p
Summary
49 participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were included, counting in- and outpatients as well as users of community housing facilities. Participants were assessed with BNSS-Da, Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), St. Hans Rating Scale for extrapyramidal syndromes (SHRS), Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), Trail Making Test A and B, (TMT-A/B) and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Interrater reliability for BNSS-Da was estimated by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient based on a mean-rating (k=2), absolute-agreement, 2-way mixed-effects model, which showed to be 0.953 (95%CI: 0.880–0.982). The cognitive tests, TMT-A/B and DSST, were infirmly correlated to BNSS-Da, illustrating that cognitive function and NS likely are associated yet still separable through BNSS-Da. In conclusion, BNSS-Da holds appropriate psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity. CIBERSAM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 3Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz4Centre Numància, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Dèu
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