S100β as a biomarker for differential diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke

Abstract

Objective: To explore the efficacy of S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100β) in differentiating between intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic stroke (IS).Methods: From June 2014 to July 2015, 46 ICH and 71 IS patients who had undergone computed tomography (CT) scans were enrolled. Patients’ neurological deficits were evaluated by the National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to assess functional disability 90 days after discharge. Plasma S100β was measured from a blood sample drawn upon arrival at the emergency department.Results: The plasma S100β concentration in the ICH group was significantly higher than in the IS group (p < 0.001). There were only significant correlations between S100β and hemorrhage volume (r = 0.820, p < 0.001), NIHSS score (r = 0.389, p = 0.008), and mRS (r = 0.732, p < 0.001) in the ICH group. Furthermore, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that an S100β concentration of 67 pg/ml yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.903 with 95.7% sensitivity and 70.4% specificity in differentiating between ICH and IS. In the ICH group, the plasma S100β concentration was significantly elevated in patients with poor functional outcome vs. those with favorable functional outcome (p < 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that an S100β concentration of 133 pg/ml yielded an AUC of 0.924 with 100% sensitivity and 76.2% specificity in identifying ICH patients with poor functional outcome.Conclusion: S100β could serve as a potential biomarker for differentiating between ICH and IS and predicting short-term functional outcome after ICH.