Abstract
An electrically driven heat pump using CO^2 as the refrigerant is developed to supply hot water with a high coefficient of performance for use in buildings such as hospitals, hotels, and so on. In addition, these values of conventional heat pumps which use alternative chlorofluorocarbon gas are also increasing step by step in recent years. This study compares several alternative heat pump and hot water tank systems as well as a gas-fired boiler system from economic points of view based on a mathematical optimization method considering ambient temperature. A hospital is taken as the objective of this study, and the energy demand for hot water supply is estimated hourly and monthly through one year. As there are alternative modes for the system's operation, a mathematical optimization method is applied at this stage for responding to changing energy demands in a timely manner. The economic evaluation of the systems is done by applying the annualized costs method. Our results show that there exists an economically optimal combination of heat pumps and hot water tank of proper capacity. It is also seen that systems adopting heat pumps have advantages over gas systems from economic, energy saving and environmental points of view.
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