Ärztliche Suizidassistenz bei Demenzerkrankungen?

Abstract

Physician-assisted suicide in Germany is limited by criminal law and disapproved by professional authorities. A physician who is willing to help a demented patient in terminating his life has to be definitely sure that the disease does not interfere with the patient's capacity for decision-making. In cases of early dementia the reason why assisted suicide will usually be requested is not the actual suffering of the patient but his negative expectations for the future. As long as there are sufficient opportunities for palliative care, the progressive course of the dementia process does not imply a state of unbearable suffering which could justify an assisted suicide. Nevertheless there may be certain circumstances--as for instance the value that an individual attributes to his integrity or to the narrative unity of his life--which might possibly provide an ethical justification for the assistance in life termination. A physician who helps a demented person in performing a suicidal act does not necessarily oppose essential principles of medical ethics. Yet, especially with regard to possible societal consequences of physician-assisted suicide in dementia, the rejecting attitude of medical authorities against that activity must be considered as well founded and legitimate. Deviations from these general guidelines ought to be respected as long as they are limited to exceptional situations and correspond to a thorough consideration of a physician's professional duties. They should remain open to public control, but not be ultimately specified by unequivocal normative regulations.