Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a frequent complication in the treatment of cancer with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) chemotherapeutic agent. Rutin bioflavonoid extracted from Dimorphandra gardneriana has been reported as a potent anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant agent. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether rutin reverses morphological elevations and oxidative stress promoted by 5‐fluorouracil in an experimental model of intestinal mucositis in mice. Swiss mice stratified into the following groups were used: Saline group (0.9% NaCl), 5‐FU group, Rutin group (RUT) (200 mg/kg Rutin, vo). For the oxidative damage evaluation, the levels of the reduced antioxidant glutathione and the lipid peroxidation product, malondylaldehyde, of the duodenal segments were determined. To investigate the morphological changes, hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed. The 5‐FU group showed a significant increase in MDA levels (8127 ± 561.5, p <0.05) when compared to the saline group (4587 ± 367.5, p <0.05). For GSH levels, 5‐FU (20.48 ± 4.89, p <0.05) promoted a significant decrease in duodenum antioxidant levels when compared to the saline group (112.8 ± 19.45, p <0.05). Pretreatment with RUT 200 mg/kg decreased MDA levels (3750 ± 405.3, p <0.05) and increased GSH levels (74.67 ± 12.73, p <0.05) when compared to the 5‐FU injury group. The results of the histopathological analysis showed that 5‐FU promoted structural alterations of the intestinal mucosa, reduction of villus height, deepening of the crypts and inflammatory infiltrate, compared to the Saline group, characterized by the integrity of the villi and crypts and absence of inflammatory infiltrate. Rutin‐treated animals showed a significant reversal of antineoplastic‐induced morphological changes. From the results we found that rutin promotes attenuation of oxidative stress by reducing the levels of Malonylaldehyde and increasing the levels of the antioxidant glutathione. In addition, we found that rutin reverses antineoplastic‐induced morphological changes.
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