Abstract
Context: Rutin (RUT) is an antioxidant flavonoid with well-known metal chelating potentials.Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of RUT against cadmium (Cd) + ethanol (EtOH)-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats.Materials and methods: Wistar rats were treated with Cd (50 mg/kg) alone or in combination with EtOH (5 mg/kg) and RUT (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) for 15 days. After treatment, the liver, kidney and serum were removed for biochemical assays by spectrophotometric methods.Results: Serum, hepatic and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were highest in the Cd + EtOH group and lowest in Cd + EtOH animals co-treated with the highest dose of RUT (2.98 ± 0.34, 10.08 ± 2.32, 4.99 ± 1.21 vs. 1.69 ± 0.33, 6.13 ± 0.28, 3.66 ± 1.12 μmol MDA/mg protein, respectively). The serum level of Cd was increased in the Cd + EtOH treated animals compared to Cd + EtOH animals co-treated with 100 mg/kg RUT (2.54 ± 0.08 vs. 1.28 ± 0.04 ppm). Furthermore, RUT at the highest dose protected against Cd + EtOH-induced elevation of bilirubin and uric acid levels as well as activities of lactate dehydrogenase and γ-glutamyl transferase (62.86 ± 2.74 vs. 122.52 ± 6.35 µmol/L; 1.77 ± 0.35 vs. 3.23 ± 0.55 mmol/L; 9.56 ± 1.22 vs. 16.21 ± 1.64 U/L; 288.92 ± 40.12 vs. 159.8 ± 18.01 U/L). The histo-pathological changes in the liver and kidney were also reduced in the Cd + EtOH animals co-treated with RUT in a dose-dependent manner.Discussion and conclusion: RUT protected against the combined effects of Cd + EtOH on hepatic and renal functions and improved the antioxidant defence system in the blood.
Highlights
Concurrent chemical exposures are frequent and individual chemical metabolism and excretion may be significantly influenced by interaction of mixtures (Lee et al 2011)
The dose of RUT and EtOH used in this study was chosen based on previous studies that reported the antioxidant property of RUT (Abarikwu et al 2013) and the capacity for Cd and EtOH to induce oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of rats (Jurczuk et al 2004)
MDA level and antioxidant defense system in serum, liver and kidney of Cd–EtOH intoxicated rats pretreated with RUT
Summary
This study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of RUT against cadmium (Cd) þ ethanol (EtOH)-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats. Results: Serum, hepatic and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were highest in the Cd þ EtOH group and lowest in Cd þ EtOH animals co-treated with the highest dose of RUT (2.98 ± 0.34, 10.08 ± 2.32, 4.99 ± 1.21 vs 1.69 ± 0.33, 6.13 ± 0.28, 3.66 ± 1.12 lmol MDA/mg protein, respectively). The histo-pathological changes in the liver and kidney were reduced in the Cd þ EtOH animals co-treated with RUT in a dose-dependent manner. Discussion and conclusion: RUT protected against the combined effects of Cd þ EtOH on hepatic and renal functions and improved the antioxidant defence system in the blood. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 24 December 2016 Revised 14 August 2017 Accepted 29 September 2017
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