Abstract
The geochemistry of detrital rutile grains, which are extremely resistant to weathering, was used in a provenance study of the transgressive Albian quartz sands in the southern part of extra-Carpathian Poland. Rutile grains were sampled from eight outcrops and four boreholes located on the Miechów, Szydłowiec, and Puławy Segments. The crystallization temperatures of the rutile grains, calculated using a Zr-in-rutile geothermometer, allowed for the division of the study area into three parts: western, central, and eastern. The western group of samples, located in the Miechów Segment, is characterized by a polymodal distribution of rutile crystallization temperatures (700–800 °C; 550–600 °C, and c. 900 °C) with a significant predominance of high-temperature forms, and with a clear prevalence of metapelitic over metamafic rutile. The eastern group of samples, corresponding to the Lublin Area, is monomodal and their crystallization temperatures peak at 550–600 °C. The contents of metapelitic to metamafic rutile in the study area are comparable. The central group of rutile samples with bimodal distribution (550–600 °C and 850–950 °C) most likely represents a mixing zone, with a visible influence from the western and, to a lesser extent, the eastern group. The most probable source area for the western and the central groups seems to be granulite and high-temperature eclogite facies rocks from the Bohemian Massif. The most probable source area for the eastern group of rutiles seems to be amphibolites and low temperature eclogite facies rocks, probably derived from the southern part of the Baltic Shield.
Highlights
IntroductionLate Cretaceous epicontinental basin in Poland, called the Polish Basin, was part of the vast Central European Basin System (CEBS, Figure 1) [1]
The uppermost Early Cretaceous (Middle and Late Albian, c. 110.8–100.5 Ma) andLate Cretaceous epicontinental basin in Poland, called the Polish Basin, was part of the vast Central European Basin System (CEBS, Figure 1) [1]
The sample taken from the Potok IG-1 borehole is similar to that from Tomaszów Lubelski IG-1 and Kopiec; it is characterized by a significantly higher content of calcium carbonate and only a few broken muscovite grains were identified
Summary
Late Cretaceous epicontinental basin in Poland, called the Polish Basin, was part of the vast Central European Basin System (CEBS, Figure 1) [1]. The processes that took place in the CEBS from the Permian to the Palaeogene were successive marine transgressions and regressions with the dominant characteristics of shallow shelf sea sedimentation. In the late Jurassic, a significant uplift of Precambrian and Variscan structures was reported, e.g., [2,3] including SW Poland. The epicontinental Polish basin was isolated from the Tethys Sea during most of the Early Cretaceous [6,7,8]. In the Middle and Late Albian (latest Early Cretaceous) in the Polish Basin, as in everywhere in Europe, a significant eustatic marine transgression
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