Abstract
Herein, we report a facile procedure to synthesize the hybrid magnetic catalyst (Ru@CS-CR@Mn) using ruthenium (Ru) supported on ionically cross-linked chitosan-carrageenan (CS-CR) and manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles with excellent catalytic activity. The ionic gelation of CS-CR is acting as a protecting layer to promote the encapsulation of MnFe2O4 and Ru nanoparticles by electrostatic interactions. The presence of an active metal and a CS-CR layer on the as-prepared Ru@CS-CR@Mn catalyst was well determined by a series of physicochemical analyses. Subsequently, the catalytic performances of the Ru@CS-CR@Mn catalysts were further examined in the 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction reaction in the presence of sodium borohydride (reducing agent) at ambient temperature. The Ru@CS-CR@Mn catalyst performed excellent catalytic activity in the 4-NP reduction, with a turnover frequency (TOF) values of 925 h−1 and rate constant (k) of 0.078 s−1. It is worth to mentioning that the Ru@CS-CR@Mn catalyst can be recycled and reused up to at least ten consecutive cycles in the 4-NP reduction with consistency in catalytic performance. The Ru@CS-CR@Mn catalyst is particularly attractive as a catalyst due to its superior catalytic activity and superparamagnetic properties for easy separation. We foresee this catalyst having high potential to be extended in a wide range of chemistry applications.
Highlights
Phenols and nitrophenol derivatives are toxic organic wastes that are generated or released as wastewater during the manufacturing process of agriculture, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. [1]
62.1◦, which corresponded to the (111), (220), (311), (400), (422), (511) and (440) planes of the face centered-cubic close packing structure of the MnFe2O4 nanoparticles (JCPDS No 88-1965), centered-cubic close packing structure of the MnFe2 O4 nanoparticles (JCPDS No 88-1965), respectively [31]. These results suggested that the spinel structure of the MnFe2O4 magnetic core respectively [31]. These results suggested that the spinel structure of the MnFe2 O4 magnetic core remains unchanged after the ionic gelation of CS-CR complex on the surface of magnetic core
MnFe2 O4 magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by the coprecipitation method that developed by Pereira et al [30]
Summary
Phenols and nitrophenol derivatives are toxic organic wastes that are generated or released as wastewater during the manufacturing process of agriculture, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. [1]. Several techniques have been employed for nitrophenol degradation in polluted water, including membrane filtration, photodegradation, adsorption and chemical reduction [3,4,5,6,7]. Ru@CS-CR@Mn catalysts exhibited magnetic properties of the MnFe2 O4 together with the metal adsorption capabilities of CS that would promote the immobilization of Ru metal and magnetic core. This is the first article in the literature on the synthesis of Ru@CS-CR@Mn catalysts by entrapped of Ru metal onto MnFe2 O4 with a CS-CR matrix by an ionic gelation method. Schematic illustration of preparation of the Ru@CS-CR@Mn catalysts
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