Abstract
<p class="PaperKeywordTitle"><em>The key property of Frost diagram has been confirmed using thermodynamic and linear algebra methods. On the basis of the thermodynamic data, the areas of thermodynamic stability of ruthenium chemical species in different valence states as a function of pH for each degree of oxidation have been determined. Subsequently, based on the </em><em> diagrams, calculated for several values of pH, a narrow </em>Δ<em>pH value is determined, in which the dismutation of appropriate form takes place. Based on thermodynamic analysis, the exact </em><em> value of the beginning of disproportionation (or comproportionation) is found. Finally, the developed revised Frost diagrams of ruthenium heterogeneous chemical and redox equilibria, as a function of pH and the total concentration of metal ion in solution, have been built. </em></p>
Highlights
Predicting redox reactions is not necessarily a simple task
The goal of this paper is to propose a method to build Frost diagrams under real, non-standard conditions, based on rigorous thermodynamic analysis of chemical equilibria in the system Ru–H2O, taken into consideration all the factors mentioned above
A preliminary step in the construction of MFD is to determine the thermodynamic stability of valence states, in function on the pH solution and CR0u [19]
Summary
Predicting redox reactions is not necessarily a simple task. It involves a careful examination of the reaction experimental conditionsIn particular, the influence of a number of such factors, as the medium acidity, the complexation and precipitation processes of the redox species is necessary to examine. Keywords Disproportionation and comproportionation equilibria; Revised Frost diagram; Reduced Gibbs energy of half reaction of oxidation; Ruthenium soluble and insoluble species.
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