Abstract
A new approach is presented for the design of ion selective electrodes. Ruthenium dioxide nanoparticles were incorporated into solid-contact electrodes, and their properties were studied for the case of pH-selective electrodes. The use of the RuO2 is shown to significantly improve the potentiometric response, while no redox response is observed. The use of RuO2 results in a Nernstian slope (59 mV/decade) towards hydrogen ions over a wide linear range (pH 2 to 12). The results obtained by chronopotentiometry reveal small resistance, and the capacitance is as high as 1.12 mF. This results in a good stability of the response and in a low potential drift (0.89 μV∙s−1). The electrodes exhibit properties nearly as excellent as those of a glass electrode, but they are much smaller, less fragile, and easy to use.Graphical abstractSchematic representation of the construction of the new kind of electrodes along with calibration and chronopotentiometric plots compared to non-modified GCD/H+-ISM and modified GCD/RuO2/H+-ISM electrodes, respectively. The use of ruthenium dioxide results in a wide analytical pH range (2–12) and in high electrical capacitance (1.12 mF).
Highlights
Electrodes preparationTo determine the impact of RuO2 solid contact layer on the allsolid-state pH-selective electrodes’ properties solid-contact electrodes and a coated-disc electrode were developed
A new approach is presented for the design of ion selective electrodes
Ru-based materials are well-known supercapacitors, which electrical performance is strongly connected to the surface area [17].Because of its unique assets such as high chemical stability, low resistivity, and remarkable redox properties [16], ruthenium dioxide is an excellent material for preparing electrodes [18, 19].In our ionselective all-solid-state electrodes, ruthenium dioxide nanoparticles were used to create a solid-contact layer placed between ion-selective membrane and electronic conductor.One of the approaches to improve properties of all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes is to implement the material characterized by high electrical capacitance
Summary
To determine the impact of RuO2 solid contact layer on the allsolid-state pH-selective electrodes’ properties solid-contact electrodes and a coated-disc electrode were developed. The solid contact layers were obtained by dispersion of ruthenium oxide (5 mg) in DMF (1 mL) and oxide’s implementation onto Glassy Carbon Disc (GCD) electrodes using drop casting method. The electrodes were cleaned: first by polishing them with alumina slurries (particle size of 0.3 μm and 0.05 μm), rinsed with water and cleaned ultrasonically with water and methanol. Cleaned and dried GCD electrodes were covered by dropping 20 μl of ruthenium oxide DMF solution in order to prepare RuO2-modified electrodes. Mediation layers were dried in elevated temperature for several minutes.
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