Abstract

Historical facts and documents witness that the ancestors of the modern Turkic peoples had its statism long before our era. They contributed to the world civilization by developing original material and spiritual culture. Historical and cultural heritage of ancient Turkic states and residing in these states Turkic ethnic groups is the common heritage of modern civilization and Turkic peoples. The paper focuses at historic, geographic, ethno-geographic and socio-geographic aspects of the development of the Turkic peoples as well as on the views of L.S. Berg and V.I. Vernadsky on the problem of interaction between ethnic groups and landscapes and on the biosocial theory of ethnogenesis developed by L.N. Gumilev

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